摘要
为探寻陇东旱塬春玉米绿色生态最佳种植模式,研究普通地膜(SP)、PE催化降解地膜(SF)、秸秆覆盖(SS)、施用保水剂(SW)及各处理配施微生物菌肥(PM、FM、SM、WM)和露地种植(CK)对农田土壤部分物理性状以及春玉米产量和水分利用效率(WUE)的影响.结果表明,保墒措施可有效提高土壤贮水量,且配施微生物菌肥可降低0～40cm土层土壤容重并增加总孔隙度.各保墒措施均能有效缩短春玉米无效穗长,增加穗粒数和穗粒重,从而提高产量和WUE.两年试验中,FM处理春玉米产量和WUE最高,其次为PM处理,分别较CK处理显著提高40.78％、37.67％和38.40％、31.39％.利用主成分分析法对测定指标进行综合评价,利用PE催化降解地膜覆盖配施微生物菌肥是在土壤物理环境条件改善后兼顾春玉米稳产和环境友好生产的种植模式.
Abstract
In order to explore the best green ecological planting mode for spring maize in Loess Plateau of East-ern Gansu Province,the effects of ordinary polyethylene film(SP),PE catalytic degradation film(SF),straw mulch(SS),absorbent polymert(SW),and every treatment with microbial fertilizer(PM,FM,SM,WM),and open-field plant-ing(CK)on soil partial physical properties,spring maize yield and water use efficiency(WUE)were studied.The re-sults showed that moisture keeping measures could effectively increase the soil water storage,and microbial fertiliz-ers application can reduce the soil bulk density and increase the total porosity in the 0-40 cm soil layer compared with a single moisture keeping measure.Moisture keeping measures can effectively shorten the ineffective ear length of spring maize,increase the number of grains and the weight of grains per ear,thus improving the yield and WUE.In the 2-year experiment,the FM treatment had the highest spring maize yield and WUE,followed by the PM treat-ment,which significantly increased by 40.78％,37.67％and 38.40％,31.39％,respectively,compared with CK.Us-ing principal component analysis method to comprehensively evaluate the measured indicators,the use of PE catalyt-ic degradation film mulch with microbial fertilizer for spring maize in the Loess Plateau of eastern Gansu province is a planting model that takes into account both the stable yield and environmentally friendly production of spring maize after the improvement of soil physical environmental conditions.
基金项目
甘肃省自然科学基金项目(22JR5RG561)
甘肃省高等学校青年博士基金项目(2022QB-152)
河西学院博士科研启动基金项目(KYQD2020012)
NETL
NSTL
万方数据