亚里士多德论营养灵魂
Aristotle on the Nutritive Soul
田书峰1
作者信息
摘要
亚里士多德在《论灵魂》中把灵魂界定为潜在地有生命的自然躯体的第一现实性,这种现实性就体现在灵魂的不同功能和部分上,这包括营养、感觉、理性、欲求和位移运动等功能,其中,灵魂的营养功能是最根本的,但营养灵魂的功能不只是吸收营养,还包括生殖.本篇论文主要论述如下三个问题:第一,亚里士多德在Ⅱ4 的开端提出了双重优先性的研究方法,现实活动优先于能力或潜能,而对象又优先于现实活动,但事实上亚里士多德对营养灵魂的讨论并没有遵循这个方法,而是把营养能力视为优先的,它才是自然生命体生长和生殖的原因或本原.第二,既然营养灵魂的功能更在于生殖,为什么这个灵魂部分不能被称为生殖灵魂?第三,食物与被营养者的关系究竟是相同者与相同者的关系,还是相反者的关系,这也是一个需要解释的疑难.
Abstract
Aristotle in De Anima defines the soul as the first actuality of natural bodies having life potentially,and the actuality gets its realization in the different functions and parts of the soul.These include the nutritive,sensitive,intellective,desidera-tive and locomotive functions of the soul,among which the nutritive function is the most basic one.The nutritive soul does not only include the assimilation of nutrition,but also the function of reproduction.This paper mainly deals with the following three questions.First,Aristotle in the beginning of Ⅱ 4 proposes the research method based on the double priority principle,i.e.the real-life activity is prior to potentiality or capacity,and the object is prior to the real-life activity.Aristotle,however,does not deal with the nutritive soul in accordance with this method;on the contrary,he sees the nutritive capacity as the prior one,be-cause he believes that it is the cause or origin of the growth and reproduction of the natural living entities.Second,since the function of the nutritive soul finds expression more in reproduction,why could this part of the soul be called the reproductive soul directly?Third,can the relation between food and the nurtured subject reveal"likeness"or"contrary"?This is also a question waiting for explanation.
关键词
营养灵魂/亚里士多德/生殖/潜能与现实Key words
the nutritive soul/Aristotle/reproduction/potentiality and actuality引用本文复制引用
基金项目
广东省哲学社会科学规划2022年度冷门绝学研究专项(GD22LMZZX01)
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据