亚里士多德的营养灵魂说及其与物理主义的互补
Aristotle's Nutritive Soul and its Complementarity with Physicalism
朱清华1
作者信息
摘要
对亚里士多德而言,营养灵魂是生命体最普遍的和最基础的灵魂形式.对营养灵魂的分析表明,灵魂并不是在躯体之中的或是跟躯体并列的神秘实体,然而恰恰是灵魂使得生命体得以成为一个统一的实体.从质形关系来说,营养灵魂使得生命体有独立的组织形式,有个体的生命系统,具有一定程度的自我同一性.在亚里士多德看来生物都力图保存其存在,并尽可能地达到永恒不朽,这种目的既是通过营养灵魂的实现来达到,同时也是灵魂自身的追求目标.就身心关系而言,在亚里士多德这里,身体就是灵魂这一追求的具身化.在现代意义上的物理主义还原论之外亚里士多德提供了另外一种可能的生命解释.还原论试图从最基本的物理因素出发向上对更复杂的生命现象做出解释,而亚里士多德的生命解释则从更为完善的目的和形式——灵魂出发向下对生命体的构造和构成做出说明.本文表明,这两种解释生命的方式可以是有益的互补,而不仅仅是冲突和对立.
Abstract
For Aristotle the nutritive soul is the most universal and fundamental form of soul in living beings.Its analysis shows that soul is not a mysterious substance within or alongside the body,but it is precisely the soul that makes the living body a uni-fied entity.In terms of the relationship between form and matter(hyle-morphe),the nutritive soul makes the living body have an independent organizational form,an individual life system,and a certain degree of self-identity.For Aristotle the living be-ings strive for being and achieve immortal being as far as possible.In terms of the soul-body relationship,body is the embodi-ment of the striving of the soul.Aristotle has offered another possible explanation of life beyond the modern sense of physicalist reductionism.Reductionism tries to explain the more complex phenomena of life from the most basic physical factors up to the phenomena of life,while Aristotle's explanation starts from soul,a more complete form and purpose,and down to the physical structures and elements.This paper shows that the two ways of explanation can be complementary and beneficial to each other,rather than merely in conflict and opposition.
关键词
营养灵魂/生命/个体/存在/还原论Key words
nutritive soul/life/individuality/being/reductionism引用本文复制引用
基金项目
国家社会科学基金一般项目(19BZX091)
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据