摘要
随着功利主义原则的进一步展开,它与权利的冲突变得日益明显,密尔较早关注到上述冲突并做出了重要修复,他通过关注所有相关者的利益,重申权利的重要地位,论证自由对于功利的积极意义和确立次级规则等工作,初步建立了功利与权利的相容性,密尔这一工作具有意义,其开启的方向更值得肯定.但是,以密尔为代表的功利主义的自我修复依然存在着重要局限,权利依然具有工具性特征,为此,我们需要在权利基础上,通过权利来扩展福利,推动权利与功利的正向促进,这将更为牢固也更具意义.
Abstract
With the further development of utilitarian principles,their conflicts with right have become increasingly apparent.John Stuart Mill paid attention to these conflicts fairly early and made important improvements.He initially established the com-patibility between utility and right by focusing on the interests of all stakeholders,reaffirming the importance of right,demon-strating the positive significance of freedom for utility,and establishing secondary rules.Mill's work is meaningful and its re-search orientation deserves recognition.However,the self-improvement of utilitarianism represented by John Stuart Mill still has major limitations,because right still maintains instrumental characteristics.Therefore,on the basis of right we need to expand welfare through right,and promote the positive promotion of right and utility,which will be more convincing and meaningful.
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