This paper expounded the formation mechanism of inorganic carbon in dryland soils,analyzed the relationship between inorganic carbon content and soil organic carbon content in arid and semi-arid soils,and the impact of climate change and artificial soil management on the storage of inorganic carbon in dryland soils.The dryland soil may be transformed into effective carbon sink through the formation of secondary carbonates,which showed the importance of in-depth study on the carbon cycle of dryland soil.