The Orchidaceae contains the largest number species in Gaoligong Mountains, so, the study of orchids diversity can provide a typical sample and deeper understanding to the flora of Gaoligong Mountain. This article using the distribution data of Orchidaceae plants in Gaoligong Mountain to analyze the biodiversity and distribution features of the orchids plants in Gaoligong Mountain from the view of life form, original, endemic phenomenon. The results showed this region had 364 species, 98 genera in Orchidaceae, including three living type: terrestrial, epiphytic and saprophytic. The tropic elements contain 58.18% in the variety of genus distribution patterns, and the species distribution patterns are quietly concentrated, the temperate orchid species account for 91.21 %. This indicated the adaption of tropical originated orchids to mountains area. The Gongshan county in north part of Gaoligong Mountains has the largest number Orchid plants with 237 species, and the largest number of endemic orchids species to China and Gaoligong mountains. This probably due to the more complicated topography and more geological fold history. Along vertical directions, 1 800-2 200 m elevation belt had the largest number of orchid species with more than 110 species in each 100-m belt, 1 700-2 800 m belts had the largest number of China endemic orchid species with more than 15 species in each 100-m belt, and 1 800-2 900 m had the largest number of Gaoligong mountains endemic orchid species with about 5 species in each 100m belt.The proportions of endemic orchid species to China and Gaoligong mountains were significant linear increased along the elevation in each belt. This showed that the importance of geographic isolation is intensive, and the environment is suitable for the orchids, especially for endemic, toward the higher-elevation zones and north part in Gaoligong mountains.
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