我国基础教育课程目标的演进及对课堂教学形态的影响--以中学地理课程为例
Changes in the goals of the basic education curriculums and their influence on classroom teaching models:A case study of Geography Course of high school in China
李琳 1李莲1
作者信息
- 1. 云南师范大学 旅游与地理科学学院，云南 昆明 650500
- 折叠
摘要
基于地理要素整体性思想，采用几何结构表达方式，分析了新中国成立以来基础教育课程目标逻辑结构的演进历程及对地理课堂教学形态的影响。以核心文本为中心，研究发现新中国成立以来的基础教育课程目标表述经历过两次重要的变化，据此可将新中国成立以来的基础教育课程目标演变历程划分为3个阶段：(1)20世纪中叶至20世纪末“点线单向式结构”的“双基目标”(基石)；(2)21世纪头15年“立体三向式结构”的“三维目标”(延展)；(3)正在践行的《中国学生发展核心素养》“球体多向式结构”的“核心素养目标”(完善)。这3个阶段的发展是继承与超越的关系，均对中国地理课堂教学产生了重要影响，主要表现在：(1)不同阶段的教育课程目标直接影响了地理课堂教学的实践形态；(2)不同形态的地理课堂教学实践在实现其对应的课程目标时，也产生了不少的偏差，地理能力的培养未能全部体现；(3)当前“核心素养目标”指导下的“地理核心素养目标”有助于进一步全方位培养学生的地理能力。结论建议以“知识课堂”“活动课堂”和“开放课堂”3种课堂教学形态的协同实践，促进培育具有地理核心素养的现代公民。
Abstract
Based on the analysis of the changing goals of the basic education curriculums from the perspectives of synthetic thinking and geometric structure as well as their influence on classroom teaching models in China,this paper finds that the goals of basic education curriculums in China have experienced two major changes and three stages:the first stage from the middle period of the 20th cen-tury to the end of the 20th century was a mono-orientation focusing on “two-basics,”i.e.teacher's basic knowledge and basic technology.The second stage in the first 1 5 years of the 2 1 st century em-phasized three symmetrical relationships,i.e.knowledge & skills,process & steps,emotional atti-tude & value,also called “three-dimensional model.”The third stage has set up higher goals for the comprehensive development of the students based on The Essence of Key Competencies for Chinese Students.The three stages are closely related with the features of continuous improvement,and all have exerted great impacts on the classroom teaching models of Geography Course in China,especially in the following aspects:1 .The different goals at different stages have directly influenced the teaching models of Geography Course in China.2.The deviation in realizing the goals has resulted in the fail-ure in the comprehensive training of the students.3.The on-going implementation of the goal of The Essence of Key Competencies for Chinese Students helps the comprehensive training of the students. It finally proposes that the integration of “knowledge-based classroom,”“activity-based classroom”and “open classroom”will help the comprehensive training of the students,especially students with the essence of key geographic knowledge in this case.
关键词
课程目标/目标结构/课程改革/地理课堂教学形态Key words
goals of the curriculums/key elements of the goals/curriculum reform/teaching models of Geography Course引用本文复制引用
出版年
2017
NETL
NSTL
万方数据