数据立法域外适用引发的法律冲突与中国解决方案
The Legal Conflicts Caused by the Extraterritorial Application of Data Regulations and China's Solutions
文淑1
作者信息
- 1. 中国人民大学 法学院,北京 100872
- 折叠
摘要
大数据时代,数据立法域外适用的趋势明显,各国据此实现数据主权的扩张和抢占战略博弈的制高点.然而,一国数据立法域外适用边界和效力的延展,难免触及他国主权权力和管辖利益的边界,引发国家间在立法、执法和司法层面的剧烈冲突.单边数据立法域外适用还涉嫌违反现行双边司法互助协议和国际经贸投资条约,引发国内法与国际法的冲突.冲突的成因在于,传统管辖权理论的式微、国际数据治理与冲突协调规则的赤字以及国家间的利益竞争与话语权争夺.为解决冲突,中国须在涉外法治与国际法治的互动视野下构建攻防兼备的数据立法域外适用制度,加强数据领域域外执法与司法领域的双边合作与国际礼让,同时,在数据流动的多边规则构建和全球治理中发挥引领作用.
Abstract
In the era of big data,there is a clear trend towards the extraterritorial application of data regulations,which enables different countries to assert data sovereignty and conduct successful strate-gic games.However,the extension of boundaries and effects of the extraterritorial application of one country's data regulations inevitably touches other countries'data sovereignty and jurisdictional inter-ests,triggering violent legal conflicts between different countries at the legislative,law-enforcement and judicial levels.The unilateral application of data regulations is also suspected of violating the ex-isting bilateral agreements on mutual legal assistance and international trade or investment agree-ments,causing conflicts between the domestic law and the international law.The crux of the conflicts lies in the failure of the traditional jurisdictional theory,the deficit of the international law on data governance and conflict solution,and the competition of national interests and international discourse power among different countries.In order to resolve the conflicts,taking the interaction of foreign-re-lated rule of law and international rule of law as a perspective,China shall endeavor to construct the extraterritorial application system of the Chinese data regulations that is both initiative and defensive,exercise extraterritorial law enforcement and extraterritorial jurisdiction on the basis of bilateral coop-eration and international comity,and play a leading role in building multilateral rules for data flows and global governance.
关键词
域外适用/法律冲突/数据治理/国际礼让Key words
extraterritorial application/legal conflicts/data governance/international comity引用本文复制引用
基金项目
国家社会科学基金重大项目(20&ZD161)
出版年
2023
NETL
NSTL
维普
万方数据