摘要
面向全体人民共同富裕的伟大愿景目标,迫切需要对标共同富裕、研判福利差距,并进行制度性的回应.三次分配制度是改善农村低收入人口福利差距、促进农村低收入人口持续增收、实现全体人民共同富裕的有效手段.中国农村和农民在不断分化转型,三次分配的契合性也不尽相同.脱贫攻坚期间,中国基于三次分配的不同着力点围绕农村低收入群体展开了一系列政策实践,但是存在初次分配效率不高、再分配水平低、第三次分配尚未找到切入点、不同层次分配间协同性不足等问题.未来政策调整应当以加大农业就业准入门槛、提高农村低收入群体的劳动报酬、扩大农村非农就业机会作为初次分配的着力点;以强化农村低收入人口的转移支付力度、提高基本公共服务和社会保障均等化的深度与广度、完善农业支持与资源保护政策等作为再分配的着力点;以丰富第三次分配的实现形式、强化第三次分配与初次分配、再分配间的协同配合作为第三次分配的创新着力点.
Abstract
Facing the great vision and goal of common prosperity for all,there is an urgent need to benchmark common prosperity,study and judge the welfare gap,and make institutional responses.The tertiary distribution system effectively narrows the welfare gap among rural low-income individuals,fostering continuous improvement and advancing the goal of common prosperity for all.China's rural landscape and residents are undergoing constant transformation,influencing the compatibility of the three distributions.Throughout the poverty alleviation period,China implemented policies targeting rural low-income populations across the three distribution stages.However,challenges include inefficient primary distribution,limited redistribution,absence of a tertiary distribution entry point,and inadequate coordination between distribution levels.Future policy adjustment should be to increase the threshold of agricultural employment,improve the labor remuneration of rural low-income populations,expand rural non-agricultural employment opportunities as the focus of initial distribution.To strengthen the intensity of rural low-income population transfer payments,improve the depth and breadth of basic public services and social security equality,improve agricultural support and resource protection policies as the focus of redistribution,the innovation focus of the tertiary distribution is to enrich the realization form of tertiary distribution and strengthen the synergy between the tertiary distribution,the primary distribution and the redistribution
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