Study on the Evolution of Script of Jichou Wu Fu in the Longevity Opera of Qing Court
Currently,fifteen versions of the script of Jichou Wu Fu have been published,roughly divided into two systems:the Jiaqing system and the Guangxu system.Within the Jiaqing system,there are two versions:the eight-act version and the twelve-act version.It is currently uncertain which version preceded the other.It is known that the script appeared no later than the six-teenth year of the Jiaqing reign.Subsequently,it was performed during Emperor Jiaqing's sixtieth birthday celebration in the twenty-fourth year of his reign and might have been staged during Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang's birthday celebration as well.Later,through the deletion of some musical pieces,adjustments to lyrics,and dialogue modifications,the script underwent a transition from the Jiaqing system to the Guangxu system.Afterwards,the script remained relatively stable,with adjustments made to relevant hymns based on specific performance contexts,reflecting the basic adaptation principles and strategies of"major stability with mi-nor adjustments"in the Longevity Opera of Qing Court.Exact records of performances are scarce,with only one documented per-formance during Empress Dowager Cixi's fiftieth birthday celebration in the fifteenth year of the Guangxu reign.Most scripts in the Guangxu system were likely used for this performance.Based on existing scripts,they were not only utilized for longevity celebra-tions but also for welcoming the Lunar New Year.
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