Keratin solution is prepared by dissolving wool fiber with sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide. The optimum extraction process is determined as follows: wool fiber 1 g, NaOH 1 g, 30% H2O2 0.5 mL, dissolving at 45 °C for 3 h with bath ratio 1:50. Infrared spectrum shows that the wool extract is a kind of protein mainly containing a-helical conformation. Selective oxidized cotton fabric treated with wool keratin solution features improved UPF value of 25.78 and excellent shielding efficiency for UVA and UVB, as well as good washing fastness.