The Evolution of"Customs"in Local Records under the Concept of"Yi Xia"(夷 夏)in Ming Dynasty——centering on Guizhou gazetteers
This paper focuses on the writing of customs in Guizhou gazetteers during the Ming Dynasty,discusses the characteristics of Miao customs,their causes,and historical and conceptual backgrounds.After the establishment of Guizhou as a province in the early Ming Dynasty,the compilation of provincial and prefectural records began.After the establishment of Guizhou as a province in the early Ming Dynasty,the compilation of provincial and prefectural records began.In the official Guizhou gazetteers of different periods of the Ming Dynasty,the writing of Miao customs is extremely similar,which is mainly manifested in the depiction of the"dehumanization"and"non-ritualization"of the Miao people,as well as in the emphasis on the indoctrination effect of gradual knowledge of benevolence and righteousness after the direct rule of the dynasty.Behind this unified discourse system implies a lot of reasons,first of all,it's related to the officials'concept which make a distinction between Han(汉)and Yi(夷),secondly,Lack of field research,and therefore inherited from the previous records.At the same time,also with the gazetteers'"customs"chapter has the function of indoctrination.But there is also an exception,Guo Zizhang's(郭子章),the Grand Coordinator of Guizhou Province(贵州巡抚)in Ming Dynasty,his personal situation makes his private gazetteer"Qianji"(黔记)present a very barbaric,backward image of the Miao people.In addition to the traditional gazetteers,the scholars of the Ming and Qing dynasties also constructed another,freer space in which the reality of Miao customs loomed large.
Ming DynastyGuizhou gazetteersMiaoThe writing of customs
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