What to Eat and How to Eat:Four Paradigms in the Study of the Anthropology of Food
Dietary practices originate from nature,are shaped by skills,diversified by cultures,and intricately intertwined with individuals and society.In the field of anthropology,various scholars have proposed distinct approaches to the study of food and diet from different perspectives,which can be summarized into four paradigms:Firstly,the"Need Paradigm"represented by Marvin Harris,which advocates studying diets by tracing back the relationship between group diets and nature through the results of survival adaptation.Secondly,the"Political Economic Paradigm"represented by Sidney Mintz,which emphasizes the political and economic processes underlying food,focusing not only on the global flow,distribution,and consumption patterns of food but also aiming to uncover the complex power relations,economic interests,and cultural identities concealed behind food.Thirdly,the"Distinction Paradigm,"grounded in Pierre Bourdieu's theory,focuses on the differences in food consumption among different social classes and their reinforcing effects on social identities and class distinctions.Lastly,the"Cultural Arrangement Paradigm"represented by Sahlins,which emphasizes that diet,as a result of cultural institutional arrangements,deeply reflects and shapes specific cultural logics and values in terms of what and how people eat.
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