Critique of Psycho-politics in the Context of Historical Materialism
In the theoretical spectrum,Byung-chul Han's "psycho-politics" is inherited from Michel Foucault's "biopolitics" that is the concept of expressing industrial capitalist governance,while psycho-politics is the current governance technology of digital capitalism.Psycho-politics invented the three major governance methods of "emotional industry","achievement society",and "self-exploitation",enabling capitalism to achieve deeper social control and exploitation.But Byung-chul Han's critique of psycho-politics does not provide a realistic solution for stepping out of capitalism;instead,he argues that revolution is impossible today.With the help of Fredrich Jameson's "cognitive mapping" perspective,we can see that Byung-chul Han's revolutionary pessimism consciousness is due to the lack of strict epistemological dimension in his "criticism",which makes him deeply trapped in the ideological fog of neoliberalism,and thus unable to draw the correct direction of rebuilding subjectivity and its relationship with the whole society.However,given that "cognitive mapping" is categorized by Jameson as an aesthetic critique or cultural and political strategy,his theory still has a utopian character.Therefore,returning to the production paradigm of Marxism,reconstructing the critical method of historical materialism with "cognitive mapping" and reflecting on the limitations of the critique of psycho-politics is a way to try.
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