A Threefold Solution to the Paradox of Self-Preservation:From Kant,Hegel to Marx
The paradox of"self-preservation"refers to the situation where the subject's activity of sustaining itself paradoxically leads to the dissolution of subjectivity,resulting in the oppositions of"knowledge-rationality","subject-object",and"abstraction-concrete".Unlike Spinoza and Hobbes,who approached the structure of"self-preservation"from an"object relation"perspective as the subject's principle of"power"to possess the external world,Kant and Hegel attempted to reconstruct the content of"self-preservation"through a process of pure"self-relation"by the"meta-critique"of reason to resolve these oppositions.Marx,building on the principle of"objective activity",offered a"re-critique"of Kant and Hegel's critiques and proposed a program of"philosophical anthropology"to integrate"object relations"with"self-relations",aiming to escape the circular structure of philosophical internal argumentation regarding"self-preservation".By examining the threefold solution to the paradox of"self-preservation",the reconstruction of Marx's critique of Kant and Hegel not only substantiates the scientific nature of Marx's method of social research but also potentially advances it into the study of contemporary social philosophy methodologies,highlighting the unique value of Marx's approach to social research.
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