Development and Application of Biomedicine based on Genetic Code Expansion Technology
The technique of genetic code expansion in chemical biology involves the incorporation of non-natural amino acids,modi-fied with various functional groups,at specific sites within proteins.These non-natural amino acids possess diverse functional groups that confer unique biological activities upon the proteins.Central to genetic code expansion technology is an orthogonal enzyme pair for the host's endogenous aminoacyl tRNA synthetase-tRNA pair(aaRS/tRNA).Through directed evolution of aaRS/tRNA,this technology enables site-specific introduction of non-natural amino acids into target protein sequences.Starting from PylRS/tRNAPyl CUA,the utilization of different types of non-natural amino acids and their corresponding mutation sites,as well as applications in biological orthogonality,post-translational modification,biological coupling,and biotherapy were discussed.Genetic code expansion technology holds great promise for a wide range of applications in biomedicine and offers a new strategy for designing and developing biological drugs.
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