摘要
目的 掌握临床医学硕士专业学位研究生(简称"临床专硕")导师的"职业倦怠-工作投入连续体"现状并识别重点人群.方法 2023年10至11月,对临床专硕导师进行匿名网络问卷调查,明确导师"职业倦怠-工作投入连续体"现状.通过(均数±标准差)描述不同维度职业倦怠得分,采用频数和构成比描述不同状态导师分布.使用R 4.3.1软件进行卡方检验分析不同类型导师5种状态分布的差异,并采用Bonferroni法进行组间两两比较.结果 共收集到2 664份有效问卷.临床专硕导师情绪衰竭、玩世不恭和个人成就感维度得分依次为(2.46±0.95)、(1.74±0.89)和(4.23±0.90).临床专硕导师处于"职业倦怠-工作投入连续体"中工作投入、低效、过度劳累、淡漠、倦怠状态的占比依次为42.76%(1 139/2 664)、43.54%(1 160/2 664)、33.03%(880/2 664)、14.71%(392/2 664)、13.66%(364/2 664).人口学特征上,"职业倦怠-工作投入连续体"在年龄、性别、婚姻状况、最高学历方面的分布有差异(P<0.05).工作相关特征上,"职业倦怠-工作投入连续体"在相对收入、职称、是否承担行政职务、工作日和节假日工作时长方面的分布有差异(P<0.05).地区特征上,工作投入、低效、过度劳累状态在东、西部地区的分布有差异(P<0.05).结论 临床专硕导师倦怠状态占比较高,低效状态是常见的消极状态,西部地区、45岁以下、男性、已婚、博士学位、副高级职称、相对收入低、不担任行政职务、工作日工作10 h以上、节假日工作4 h以上者是重点关注人群,可通过提供更多资源、工作福利及强化激励措施等改善导师状态.
Abstract
Objective To investigate the"burnout-engagement continuum"status of postgraduate supervisors of the Professional Master's Program in Clinical Medicine and to identify key populations.Methods From October to November 2023,an anonymous online questionnaire survey was conducted to determine the"burnout-engagement continuum"status of postgraduate supervisors of the Professional Master's Program in Clinical Medicine.The scores of different dimensions of job burnout are expressed as mean±standard deviation,and the distribution of supervisors of different status is presented in frequency and percentage.All data analyses were performed in R 4.3.1.Distribution of the five profiles among supervisors of different status was compared using the chi-square test and compared pairwise using the Bonferroni method.Results A total of 2 664 valid questionnaires were collected.The scores of emotional exhaustion,cynicism and personal accomplishment were(2.46±0.95),(1.74±0.89),and(4.23±0.90),respectively.The prevalence of job engagement,inefficacy,overexertion,disengagement,and burnout among the supervisors were 42.76%(1 139/2 664),43.54%(1 160/2 664),33.03%(880/2 664),14.71%(392/2 664),and 13.66%(364/2 664),respectively.In terms of demographics,the distribution of the"burnout-engagement continuum"was significantly different by age,sex,marital status,and highest education level(P<0.05).In terms of work-related characteristics,the distribution of the"burnout-engagement continuum"was significantly different by income,professional title,administrative position,and working hours on weekdays and holidays(P<0.05).The distribution of engagement,inefficacy,and overexertion was significantly different between the eastern and western regions(P<0.05).Conclusions There is a high percentage of individuals with burnout among postgraduate supervisors of the Professional Master's Program in Clinical Medicine,and inefficacy is a common negative state.Supervisors who work in the western regions,are under 45 years of age,are male,are married,have a doctorate degree,hold associate senior professional title,have lower relative income,are not holding administrative duties,and work more than 10 hours on workdays and more than 4 hours on holidays are key populations that require increased attention.The psychological state of supervisors can be improved by providing them with more resources,work benefits,and incentives.
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