Ten compounds were isolated and purified from ethanol extracts of dried roots bark of Polygala tenuifolia Willd.by various chromatography techniques such as silica gel and Sephadex LH-20.Their structures were identified by analysis of physicochemical properties and spectral data,and determined as β-sitosterol(1),tenuifolin(2),6-methoxy coumarin(3),7-phenyl-l-hydroxy-2,3,6-trimethoxyxanthone(4),1,8-dihydroxy-3,4,7-trimethoxyanthone(5),mangiferin(6),quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside(7),rutin(8),syringaldehyde(9),salicylicacid(10).Among them,compounds 3,4 and 5 were isolated from the genus of Ploygala for the first time and compound 4 was a new xanthone.The acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of compounds 3,4 and 5 were evaluated by Ellman colorimetric method,compounds 3 and 5 exhibited moderate inhibitory activity,compound 4 exhibited weak inhibitory activity.
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