摘要
微量元素(trace elements,TEs)在生物学中也被称为微量营养素,是人体所需的微量成分,占体重的0.005％～0.01％.TEs虽然在人体中含量较少,却在细胞代谢、酶活性调节、免疫功能、神经传导和骨骼健康等方面发挥着重要作用.本综述全面分析和总结了 TEs(锌、铁、镁、硒、铜、铬和锰)对机体调节的生物学影响,深入探讨了各种TEs在免疫系统、酶促反应、氧化应激、机体发育和血糖调节等方面的作用机制,强调了 TEs对维持机体正常生理功能的不可或缺性.此外,本文还展望了 TEs未来的研究方向,包括对TEs在细胞水平作用机制、摄入量、代谢和存储等.本综述进一步为探索TEs的生物学效应和开发相关的应用提供方向.
Abstract
Trace elements(TEs),also known as micronutrients in biology,are trace components required by the human body,accounting for 0.005％to 0.01％of body weight.Although TEs are present in small quantities in the human body,they play significant roles in cellular metabolism,enzyme activity regulation,immune function,nerve conduction,and bone health.In this review,the effects of TEs(zinc,iron,magnesium,selenium,copper,chromium,and manganese)for modulating biological functions on organisms are comprehensively analyzed and summarized.The mechanisms of various TEs in immune system,enzymatic reaction,oxidative stress,physical growth,and blood glucose regulation are deeply discussed,emphasizing the indispensable role of TEs in maintaining normal physiological functions of body.In addition,the future research directions of TEs are also prospected,including the mechanism of action,intake,metabolism,and storage of TEs at the cellular level.This review will provide useful information to further understand the biological effects and the application of TEs.
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