Osteoimmunology emphasizes the interaction between the immune system and the skeletal system with various cytokines and signaling systems.Rheumatoid arthritis or gouty arthritis are both self-inflammatory conditions that cause increased bone loss leading to joint destruction.NOD-like receptor is a pattern recognition receptor that recognizes various risk factors in the environment and initiates the intrinsic immune response.Further,NOD-like receptors activate the assembly of inflammasome and mediate caspase-1 to promote the production of inflammatory factors IL-1βand IL-18 and cellular scorching,and NOD-like receptor-mediated inflammasome activation is closely related to the metabolism of osteoblasts and osteoclasts,which is expected to be a therapeutic target for arthritis.Therefore,this article combines osteoimmunology to explore the mechanism of NOD-like receptors and inflammasomes in arthritis,and to study potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of osteoarthrosis,in order to provide new strategies for the prevention and treatment of the disease.