This paper explores the influencing mechanism of medical dispute handling in rural private clinics,so as to provide experiences and insights for the construction of rural medical and health service system.Through the fieldwork method,first-hand information on major medical dispute cases is gathered,and the factors that impact their resolution are analyzed.It clarifies that the existing explanation of stabilization mechanism falls short because rural private clinics operate within semi-familiar society and com-petitive markets,and the reputation mechanism is the primary mechanism when clinics deal with medical disputes.Based on this,clinic doctors have developed strategies to maintain their reputation,such as indirectly mediating,positively compromising and af-fectively communicating.However,with the reputation mechanism being flexible and coherent,dispute outcomes are often multi-dimensional and complex.The role of the reputation mechanism shows that the social foundation of rural medical and health services remains important.Emphasis on the reputation mechanism can improve clinics management,make them complementary to grassroots health care services and ultimately promote the construction of the rural medical and health service system.