我国公民医疗信息的刑法保护界限研究
Research on the Criminalization Boundary of Medical Information for Chinese Citizens
袁佳音1
作者信息
- 1. 东南大学法学院,江苏南京,211100
- 折叠
摘要
医疗信息的有效运用对提高医疗服务水平,促进民生福祉有重要作用.然而司法实践当中存在公民医疗信息刑法保护界限不清的问题,限制了医疗服务的发展空间.公民医疗信息的法益属性认定不当、权利人同意与公共利益阻却侵犯公民医疗信息违法的价值位阶不明、"两高司法解释"医疗信息划分方法不当致"情节严重"的判断因素含混不清,是公民医疗信息刑法保护界限不清的主要原因.公民医疗信息具有明确的个人自决权利属性,应是个人法益,而非超个人法益,这是认定刑法保护边界的前提.权利人同意阻却侵犯公民医疗信息违法虽具有正当法律依据,但当个人法益与公共利益出现冲突时,公共利益阻却侵犯公民医疗信息违法具有价值优位性.对"情节严重"的理解应当围绕医疗信息与个人法益之间的紧密程度予以展开,并以《中华人民共和国个人信息保护法》的出台为背景,将公民医疗信息划分为敏感信息与一般信息.
Abstract
The effective use of medical information plays an important role in improving medical services,maintaining people's health and well-being.However,in judicial practice,there is a problem of unclear boundaries for citizens to criminalize medical information,which limits the development space of medical services.The main reasons for the unclear boundaries of citi-zens'medical information crime are the improper identification of the legal interest attribute of citizens'medical information,the un-clear value rank of the obligee's consent and the public interest to prevent the infringement of citizens'medical information viola-tions,and the unclear judgment factors of"serious circumstances"caused by the improper division of medical information in the"two high judicial interpretation".Citizen medical information has a clear attribute of individual self-determination rights and should be a personal legal interest rather than a suprapersonal legal interest,which is a prerequisite for determining the protection boundary of criminal law.Although the right holder agrees to block the infringement of citizens'medical information,although there is a legitimate legal basis,when there is a conflict between personal legal interests and public interests,public interest blocking the infringement of citizens'medical information has value superiority.The understanding of'serious circumstances'should revolve a-round the degree of closeness between medical information and personal legal interests,and with the introduction of the Personal In-formation Protection Law of the People's Republic of China as the background,citizen medical information should be divided into sensitive information and general information.
关键词
卫生法/刑法保护/医疗信息/公民Key words
Health Law/Criminal Law Protection/Medical Information/Citizen引用本文复制引用
基金项目
国家社会科学基金资助项目(21BFX177)
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据