The ethical risks of stereotactic neuroregulation therapy for refractory mental disorders mainly include the uncertainties in the etiological theories of mental disorders,the attribution of responsibility among diverse stakeholders,the recognition of subject rights and the determination of indications and contraindications,and risks in determining the right to informed consent,as well as risks of fair distribution.In clinical practice in China,the certainty of etiological theories is continuously being verified,diagnostic and therapeutic procedures are becoming more standardized,and the rights of informed consent are increasingly clarified,leading to gradual improvement in the ethical risks associated with this therapy.To mitigate these ethical risks,it is proposed to enhance public awareness through increased governmental promotion,clarify the management responsibilities at various organizational levels to coordinate resource allocation,and improve service models,as well as strengthen the construction and implementation of relevant institutional frameworks.