Virtue ethics,which originated from Ancient Greek philosophy,has been revived in contemporary moral philosophy.It emphasizes the character of moral agents rather than the rightness or wrongness of specific actions.However,virtue ethics has been criticized for being utopian,relativistic,circular,and individualistic.To be effectively applied,virtue ethics must be combined with practical analysis,particularly in developing a framework for virtues relevant to end-of-life care.Discussions on the content and structure of personal virtues delve deeper into often overlooked political or institutional virtues,shedding light on the virtues that doctors,patients,and policymakers should embody.These insights address specific ethical issues such as the acceptance or refusal of life-prolonging treatments,the use of palliative sedation to alleviate suffering,and the challenges of confronting death itself.
virtue ethicsvirtuous doctorvirtuous patientvirtuous politicsend-of-life care
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