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生前预嘱设立与实施的德国经验及借鉴

German Experience and Reference on the Establishment and Implementation of Living Wills

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德国民法典规定生前预嘱的设立人应当是有决定能力的成年人,但是"成年人"的限制受到质疑.有效的生前预嘱应当包含双重内容,即治疗状况描述和医疗救治措施.这两项内容要满足确定性要求,否则生前预嘱不发生效力.在生前预嘱实施阶段监护人或委托人和医生要审查,是否存在生效力的生前预嘱,生前预嘱中确定的内容是否符合病人的生命情势和医治情势,设立人在生前预嘱中作出的"同意"或者"不同意"是否符合他当下的真实意思.德国生前预嘱立法的经验可以为我国提供借鉴:转变传统观念、加强基础理论研究、开展学科交叉研究.
The German Civil Code stipulates that the creator of a living will should be an adult with autonomy,but the restriction to"adults"has been questioned.An effective living will should contain two essential components,namely a description of the treatment status and medical treatment measures.Both elements need to meet specific requirements,otherwise the living will will not be effective.During the implementation stage,guardians or principals and doctors need to review whether there is a valid living will,whether the contents of the living will correspond to the patient's life and treatment situation,and whether the"consent"or"disagreement"expressed in the living will align with the patient's true current intentions.The experience of the German system of living wills can provide reference for the legislation of living wills in China:changing traditional concepts,strengthening basic theoretical research,and conducting interdisciplinary research.

living willdeath with dignityautonomy

郝丽燕、李芸青

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烟台大学法学院 山东烟台 264005

山东建筑大学法学院 山东济南 250001

生前预嘱 尊严死亡 自主决定权

2021年国家社会科学基金一般项目

21BFX192

2024

医学与哲学
中国自然辩证法研究会

医学与哲学

CSTPCDCHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:1.314
ISSN:1002-0772
年,卷(期):2024.45(17)
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