As a critical phase in vaccine development,clinical trials face numerous ethical challenges,including the uncertain risks of vaccine trials,issues with informed consent due to preventive misconception,unreasonable participant compensation,and new forms of exploitation resulting from ethical dumping.These challenges affect the scientific and ethical integrity of the trials and pose risks to social equity and the protection of vulnerable populations.The existing international ethical norms of vaccine clinical trials provide valuable insights and practical strategies for addressing potential ethical issues.Enhancing the ethical review system for vaccine clinical trials in China can be achieved by establishing independent ethical committees for vaccine trials,focusing on preclinical research,addressing preventive misconception,and setting appropriate compensation standards.
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