The Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System(PI-RADS)of MRI has been applied in the international medical community for diagnosing prostate cancer.However,early detection and accurate diagnosis of prostate cancer remain challenging.At present,application of diffusion weighted imaging(DWI)is still limited in the PI-RADS scoring system despite its importance as a pivotal sequence.The limitations stem from the conventional DWI's reliance on long diffusion times,which restrict its detection capabilities to approximately one cell diameter.This limitation results in an assessment of overall tissue diffusion restriction,rather than detailing the micropathological changes within prostate lesions at the intracellular spatial scale.Overcoming this limitation could enhance the early diagnostic accuracy of prostate cancer.In recent years,a novel diffusion MRI technique known as time-dependent diffusion MRI(td-dMRI),has garnered significant interest.Td-dMRI combines oscillating gradient spin echo and pulsed gradient spin echo and utilizes imaging microstructural parameters with limited spectrally edited diffusion model,which is capable of capturing diffusion signals over both short and long diffusion timescales to characterize tissue microstructural changes.It has demonstrated remarkable application potential in the diagnosis and therapeutic realms of various diseases.This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of td-dMRI,and discusses its technical principles,advantages,clinical application value,and the challenges it faces in the context of prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment.Specifically,we will explore its potential for early detection,diagnosis,and management of clinically significant prostate cancer.
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