Mental workload is one of the important risk factors affecting the occupational safety of key positions such as pilots.Real-time monitoring of mental workload during tasks is of great significance for identifying fatigue status in time and preventing human errors.This paper introduces the research status,existing problems and countermeasures of the key links of mental workload monitoring in actual workplace scenarios from four aspects:real-time assessment technology of mental workload,acquisition methods of biological signals in tasks,mental task setting methods,and construction of mental state recognition models.On this basis,the emphases of research on mental workload in actual workplace scenarios are summarized as follows:the research and development of portable biological signal acquisition technology,the effect of different physiological modes and cognitive interactions in tasks,and mental workload evaluation model based on multi-level and multi-modal data fusion.This paper can provide a new idea for the real-time monitoring of task load in actual dynamic mental workplace scenarios,and provide a solid theoretical basis for the accurate identification of fatigue state and accident prevention.