Early diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer has always been a goal of clinical work and a hot topic in medical research.However,due to the lack of typical endoscopic manifestations of early esophageal cancer,the diagnosis is highly dependent on the experience of endoscopists,which is prone to misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.At present,the combination of artificial intelligence and digestive endoscopy in diagnosing early esophageal cancer has shown good application potential,which can significantly improve the detection rate of early esophageal cancer.This paper summarized the application progress,existing problems and development prospects of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis of early esophageal cancer and the prediction of the depth of tumor invasion,in order to provide reference for clinical application.