Genetics is a science that studies the laws and mechanisms of the transmission of traits in organisms.Its core goal is to determine the relationship between a trait and its encoding gene,the carrier of genetic information.So far,great achievements have been made in the exploration of trait-gene relationship,and systemic research methods have been accumulated in the process.Its basic research logic can be summarized into two ideas,namely,forward genetics that reveals the gene encoding a trait by in-depth analysis of the trait,and reverse genetics that defines the trait encoded by a gene through making mutation.However,if human diseases are also regarded as human traits,then the contribution of genetic methods to disease research has not met people's expectations.In recent years,with the completion of the Human Genome Project and the establishment of omics methods and databases,new opportunities have emerged for the study of human disease traits,leading to a transition in the paradigm of disease studies.
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