Deep brain stimulation(DBS)is an effective treatment for various neurological and psychiatric conditions through delivery of electrical stimulation to key brain structures.The origin of DBS can be traced back to the practice of intra-operative electrical stimulation,used for target exploration prior to lesioning,during the early years of stereotactic functional neurosurgery.Externalized electrodes were implanted and used for intermittent electrical stimulation during weeks or months prior to subsequent ablation,as the implantable neurostimulator was unavailable.It is generally acknowledged that the development of modern DBS started with an article published in 1987 by BENABID's team on thalamic DBS for tremor.The DBS hardware system consists of an intracranial electrode,an extension wire and an implantable pulse generator.Nowadays,DBS is a well-established surgical treatment in movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease,essential tremor and dystonia,and is also under active investigation for other conditions linked to pathological brain circuitry,including refractory psychiatric disorders and epilepsy.Oncoming breakthroughs in electrode designs,stimulation paradigms,closed-loop and sensing technologies are expected to enhance the efficacy and safety of DBS.
关键词
脑深部电刺激/帕金森病/立体定向/大脑靶点/运动障碍疾病/难治性精神疾病
Key words
deep brain stimulation/Parkinson's disease/stereotaxy/brain target/movement disorders/refractory psychiatric disorders
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