Dendrobii is a rare kind of medicinal herbs in China and the quality of Dendrobii huoshanense is superior.Here introduces the its physiological and ecological characteristics,including growth environment and morphology,photosynthetic characteristics and physiological characteristics;also the methods of tissue culture and artificial transplant of Dendrobii huoshanense are analyzed.Then the characteristics of polysaccharides,alkaloids,trace elements,amino acids and other substances contained in Dendrobii huoshanense are overviewed.At last,the current problems and future direction is summarized for reference for the sustainable use of Dendrobii.