Progress in clinical application of peripheral invasive vein waveform analysis
The objective of this paper is to review the physiological characteristics,acquisition methods,and clinical application of peripheral venous pressure(PVP)waveform.PVP is highly correlated and consistent with central venous pressure,which is a potential proxy.Early identification of hypovolemic states,including bleeding and dehydration,can be achieved by placing a catheter through a superficial vein in the upper limb,attaching a pressure sensor for peripheral invasive vein waveform analysis(PIVA),or by placing a specialized piezoelectric sensor on the skin surface of the volar wrist for non-invasive vein waveform analysis(NIVA).In patients with heart failure,PIVA/NIVA can accurately assess volume overload and even predict short-term risk of worsening.The main defects of PVP are low amplitude and weak signal,which need to be further improved to improve the clinical application ability.
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