Mendelian randomization study of the causal association between coffee intake and osteoporosis
Objective To investigate the causal association between coffee intake and osteoporosis(OP)using the two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR)method.Methods Caffeine intake was used as the exposure factor,and OP was used as the outcome variable.Data on coffee intake and OP were obtained from the IEU Open GWAS and GWAS Catalog databases,respectively.The significance threshold was set at P＜5 × 10-8,with analysis parameters of r2=0.001,a clumping window＞10 000 kb,and F＞10 indicating strong correlation,and MR-PRESSO was used for outlier detection to select single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)as instrumental variable.MR-Egger regression method,weighted median(WM)method,and random effect inverse variance weighted(IVW)method were used for MR analysis,the causal association between coffee intake and OP was evaluated using OR value and 95％CI.Cochran's Q test was used to evaluate heterogeneity,the MR-Egger intercept method was used to assess horizontal pleiotropy,and the"leave-one-out"method was conducted to perform sensitivity analysis.Results A total of 38 instrumental variables were selected.The results of the random effect IVW method and WM method showed that there was a causal association between coffee intake and incidence of OP(P＜0.05);the result of MR-Egger regression method showed that there was no causal association between coffee intake and incidence of OP(P＞0.05).Cochran's Q test showed that there was no heterogeneity between coffee intake and MR analysis of OP(P＞0.05);the result of MR-Egger intercept method was close to 0 and there was no horizontal pleiotropy;no sensitive SNPs were identified using the"leave-one-out method".Conclusion There is a causal association between coffee intake and incidence of OP,coffee consumption reduces the risk of OP.
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