Analysis of differentially expressed genes and pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis based on bioinformatics
Objective To analyze the differentially expressed genes between the nasal mucosa cells of patients with allergic rhinitis and healthy controls by bioinformatics,and to explore the pathogenesis and key genes of allergic rhinitis.Methods Microarray data(GSE43523)of nasal epithelial cell samples from five healthy controls and seven patients with allergic rhinitis were downloaded from the GEO database.The"limma"package in R language was used to screen differentially expressed genes.In addition,STRING database was used to construct proteinprotein interaction network of the selected differential genes,and"Cytohubba"in Cytoscape was used to screen key genes.The selected differential genes were analyzed by gene ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)using the DAVID database.The content and proportion of 24 types of immune cells in GSE43523 chip data were analyzed by ImmuCellAI database.The inferior turbinate mucosa tissues of 15 patients with allergic rhinitis and 15 healthy controls were collected from the Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery of Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shandong Province from September to December 2023 for further detection and analysis of key gene expression levels.Results A total of 274 differentially expressed genes were screened,including 144 up-regulated and 130 down-regulated genes.Five key genes,namely CD80,CD69,EPAS1,MYOM2,and ATP12A,were obtained based on proteinprotein interaction network.GO functional enrichment showed that in biological processes,differentially expressed genes were mainly concentrated in biosynthesis and NF-κB signaling pathway.In cellular component,differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in extracellular space and components of plasma membrane.In molecular function,differentially expressed genes participate in NAD activity and ATPase binding activity.KEGG signaling pathway enrichment analysis showed that differentially expressed genes were mainly concentrated in iron death signaling pathway and apoptosis signaling pathway.Immunoinfiltration analysis showed significant differences in activated CD4 natural cells,CD8 natural cells,monocytes,and neutrophils between patients with allergic rhinitis and healthy controls.The mRNA expression levels of CD80 and EPAS1 in the lower nasal mucosa of patients with allergic rhinitis were lower than those of healthy controls,while the mRNA expression levels of CD69,MYOM2,and ATP12A were higher than those of healthy controls(P＜0.01).Conclusion In this study,274 differentially expressed genes closely related to allergic rhinitis were found,and five important genes were obtained,which provided a new research direction for early diagnosis,intervention,and new drug development of allergic rhinitis.
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