Objective To explore the safety management and effect of patient catheterization based on data decision-making model.Methods Constructed a hospital catheter quality and safety management database based on data decision-making model to realize data-led decision-making.Patients hospitalized with catheters from January 2019 to December 2020 were selected as the control group,and conventional catheter safety management measures were adopted,and patients hospitalized with catheters from January 2021 to December 2022 were selected as the observation group,and data-led catheter quality and safety management measures were implemented.Results The correct rate of unplanned extubation risk assessment and the implementation rate of preventive measures showed a benign trend,and the incidence of unplanned extubation of all catheters,as well as the incidence of unplanned extubation of oral and nasal gastrointestinal catheters,tracheal catheters and urinary catheters declined in the two groups,with statistically significant differences.The incidence of unplanned extubation of CVCs and PICCs declined compared with that before the implementation,and the differences were not statistically significant(p>0.05).Conclusion Data monitoring-oriented construction of catheter quality and safety database,help the safety management of catheterization,effectively improve the quality of catheter management,reduce the incidence of unplanned extubation,and ensure patient safety.