“差点儿”和“差不多”的意义同异之辨
Differences between Chadianr （nearly） and Chabuduo （almost）
袁毓林1
作者信息
- 1. 北京大学中文系／中国语言学研究中心／计算语言学教育部重点实验室,100871
- 折叠
摘要
本文考察了“差点儿”和“差不多”中所含的隐性否定的语义层次，比较了这两个副词在语义结构诸层面（断言、推论、预设、情态）上的同异，得出结论：（i）“差不多VP”和“差点儿vP”的预设意义相同，都是“接近VP”；（ii）“差点儿VP”的推演意义是“没有VP”，断言意义是其预设和推演的合取；整个格式的语义区间由预设标定下限，由推演标定上限；（iii）“差不多vP”的推演意义是“不一定正好是VP”（包括：“没有达到VP，’、“超过了VP”、“正好是VP”），断言意义也是其预设和推演的合取；（iv）“差点儿VP”表示道义情态（庆幸／遗憾），“差不多VP”表示认识情态（不确信／委婉）。
Abstract
This paper examines the semantic level of the implicit negation contained in the ad- verbs chadianr （nearly） and chabuduo （almost）, and compares the semantic similarities and differ- ences of the two adverbs at various levels such as assertion, inference, presupposition and modality. It concludes that： （i） the two adverb constructions ＂chadianr ＋ VP＂ and ＂chabuduo ＋ VP＂ have the same presupposition ＂close to VP＂ ; （ii） the entailment of the construction ＂chadianr ＋ VP＂ is ＂has not VP＂, and the assertion of the construction is the conjunction of its presupposition and its entailment; and the semantic interval of the construction is lower-bounded by its presupposition and upper-bounded by its entailment; （iii） the entailment of the construction ＂chabuduo ＋ VP＂ is ＂does not just VP＂ （ includes ： ＂less than VP＂, ＂more than VP＂, and ＂happens to be VP＂ ）, and the as- sertion of the construction is the conjunction of its presupposition and its entailment too ; （iv） the modality of the construction ＂chadianr ＋ VP＂ is deontic （rejoice vs. pity）, and the modality of the construction ＂chabuduo ＋ VP＂ is epistemic （ not sure or understatement rhetoric）.
关键词
隐性否定/语义层次/预设/推演/断言/情态（道义／认识）Key words
implicit negation/semantic level/presupposition/entailment/assertion/modali-ty （deontic/epistemic）引用本文复制引用
基金项目
研究得到教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大研究项目(10JJD740008)
国家自然科学基金(90920011)
出版年
2011
NETL
NSTL
维普
万方数据