摘要
先秦汉语中存在两个近似的条件标记"苟""若",二者在假设度方面存在显著差别.根据假设度的高低,条件句可以依次分为6类:事实、半事实、可能性大、可能性小、主观假定、反事实条件句."苟"标记事实、半事实、可能性大的条件,不能标记主观假定、反事实条件,其假设度较低;"若"则主要标记可能性大的条件,同时可以延伸标记事实、半事实、可能性小、主观假定、反事实条件,其假设度中性.先秦汉语可以通过连词来区分句子的假设程度.
Abstract
There are two approximate conditional markers gou(苟)and ruo(若)in Pre-Qin Chinese,and there are significant differences in the degree of hypothesis between them.According to the degree of hypothesis,conditional sentences can be divided into six categories:fact,semi-fact,high possibility,low possibility,subjective assumption and counterfactual conditionals.Gou(苟)marks facts,semi-facts and high possibility conditions,but cannot mark subjective assumption and counterfactual conditionals,and its degree of hypothesis is low;ruo(若)mainly marks the conditions of high possibility,and can also be extended to mark the conditions of fact,semi-fact,low possibility,subjective assumption and counterfactual,and its degree of hypothesis is neutral.Pre-Qin Chinese can distinguish the hypothetical degree of sentences through conjunctions.
万方数据