介词"依据"与"依照"的语义选择和叙实功能辨析
Semantic selections and factivity functions of prepositions yiju and yizhao
钱坤1
作者信息
摘要
从性质范畴看,"依据"和"依照"分别选择"有效性"和"权威性"宾语;从数量范畴看,它们的宾语均受空间"广泛性"和时间"积淀性"定语修饰,但"依据"宾语受修饰的情形更常见;从关系范畴看,"依据"句和"依照"句主谓关系松散,提示它们除可用于记述动作及结果,还可用于陈述说话人观点,即都能在直陈世界外新打开一个可能世界,由此引出叙实性问题;从模态范畴看,"依据"句命题真值可通达直陈世界或在直陈世界有合理性,"依据"属叙实介词,"依照"句命题真值不可通达或没有合理性,"依照"属非叙实介词.综上,叙实能力可作为刻画和辨析近义介词的有效手段,有望成为虚词语义研究新的探索方向.
Abstract
This study proposes that,from the perspective of nature category,yiju(依据)and yizhao(依照)choose the objects with"validity"and"authority"flavors respectively.In terms of quantitative category,their objects are both modified by"extensive"and"cumu-lative"attributives,and the circumstances in which the object of yiju are more widely ob-served.From the perspective of the relational category,the relationship between the subject of the yiju/yizhao sentences and their predicates seems loose.This suggests that they can not only describe actions and results,but also state the speaker's opinion,that is,they can access a new possible world outside the speakers discourse world(i.e.the indictive world),and subsequently lead to the issue of factivity.From the perspective of modal category,the truth value of yiju proposition can reach or be reasonable in the indictive world,so it is a factive preposition,while the truth value of yizhao proposition cannot reach or be reasona-ble,so it is a non-factive preposition.In summary,the factivity can be used as an effective means to finely describe and effectively distinguish synonymous prepositions,and it is expec-ted to become a new direction for the study of function word semantics.
关键词
"依据"/"依照"/语义选择/叙实功能/叙实介词/非叙实介词Key words
yiju/yizhao/semanticselection/factivity/factive preposition/non-factive preposition引用本文复制引用
出版年
2025
NETL
NSTL
万方数据