Resource Integration and Border Governance:An Analysis of the"Official Ownership of Local Wells"of Yunnan in Mid-Qing Dynasty
Shaped by factors such as demand,salt administration systems,natural environments and unique historical developments,Yunnan's salt industry has long operated under a system characterized by the coexistence of official and local wells.Since the Yuan,Ming and Qing dynasties,with the deepening of border governance and the implementation of the salt monopoly system,local wells gradually became incorporated into the national salt administration framework.Against the backdrop of salt administration reforms,the notion of"official ownership of local wells"was explicitly proposed during the Yongzheng period,driven by local fiscal pressures and the path dependency of salt administration operations.This process continued as local salt resources were integrated into the national salt administration system,providing financial support for the state's military and political efforts in border regions.The specific processes and subsequent operations of the salt administration illustrate how the unified national salt policy adapted to the particular environmental and economic contexts of border areas.By examining the historical progression of the official ownership of local wells,we can gain insights into the border factors shaping the salt monopoly system.
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