The Usages and Grammarticalization of Le(了)in Yanling(鄢陵)Dialect
The function word Le(了)in Yanling(鄢陵)dialect has three pronunciations,which are"了/liao44/","了/liao0/"and"了/lε0/".Their core semantics are completive,irrealis,and realis separately.All of them could be used after verb or at the end of a sentence or a clause."了/liao44/"was a completive aspect particle when it was located after verb,or a function word which could express chronological order when it was at the end of a clause."了/liao0/"was identical to derived perfective when it was used after verb or at the end of a generalized causative sentence.And it would be a tense marker,a hypothetical conditional particle,or a topic marker when it was used after a time reference structure or a conditional clause."了/le0/"was a perfective aspect particle after verb,while a perfect aspect particle at the end of a sentence.The grammaticalization of Le(了)was multithreaded.Homophonic forms evolved closer to each other than different sound words.Contexts and different syntactic positions had important influence on the semantic differentiation of Le(了)in Yanling(鄢 陵)Dialect.The grammaticalization of Le(了)in Yanling(鄢 陵)dialect indicated that grammatical forms with the same source might be located in different grammaticalization branches,so those with low phonetic weakening degree did not certainly have low grammaticalization degree.
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