The Change From Verbal Phrases with Universal Quantification to Frequency Adverbs——A Case Study of Dongbudong(动不动)and Sanbuzhi(三不知)
The frequency adverbs Dongbudong(动不动)and Sanbuzhi(三不知)are developed from verb phrases.The universal quantification meaning of verb phrases are projected from the quantity domain to the frequency domain through metaphor,the path of semantic evolution in which are the affirmation of universal quantification develops into high frequency and the negation of universal quantification into low frequency.Dongbudong(动不动)and Sanbuzhi(三不知)are grammaticalized in the structure of"(S)+Dongbudong(动不动)/Sanbuzhi(三不知)+VP",but the mechanism of evolution into adverbs is different:Dongbudong(动不动)is the concomitant result of clause integration,and Sanbuzhi(三不知)is the result of the re-analysis of the structure after topic shift.Both of the adverbs Dongbudong(动不动)and Sanbuzhi(三不知)are counter-expectation markers,the former comes from pragmatic reasoning that is contrary to common sense,the latter originates from semantic implications that deviate from the speaker's expectations.
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