Toxic Effect of Ethylparaben Exposure on the Embryonic Development of the Offspring of Female Zebrafish
Objective To understand the toxic effect of ethylparaben(EtP)exposure on the embryonic development of the F1 generation of zebrafish and to decipher the underlying molecular mechanisms.Methods Four-month female zebrafish were continuously exposed to 0.5 mg/L and 2 mg/L EtP for 28 days.After exposure,these females were mated with age-matched males.The embryonic development of the F1 generation was observed,and RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)was uti-lized to reveal the molecular mechanisms of EtP exposure on the toxic effect in the F1 generation.Results Compared with the control group,the F1 generation at 96 hpf in the EtP group displayed a significant reduction in hatching rate,an in-crease in mortality and malformation(P＜0.05),an enlargement of the yolk sac area at 96 hpf,an elevation in heart rate,and an increase in spontaneous tail-curling motion at both 96 hpf and 24 hpf(P＜0.05),as well as a noticeable reduction in eye size at 96 hpf(P＜0.05).Additionally,at 144 hpf,larval swimming distance and speed were decreased(P＜0·05).RNA-seq for the F1 generation at 96 hpf showed that differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were associated with the regu-lation of nervous system development and retina formation,which is consistent with the results of RT-qPCR.Conclusion EtP exposure in female zebrafish adversely affects embryonic development,particularly impacting nervous system develop-ment and retina formation,in their offspring,even without direct EtP exposure.
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