精唑甘草胺(glyamifop)是新研发的稻田禾本科杂草苗后茎叶处理除草剂,为研究其对稻田禾本科杂草杀草谱和活性的影响及其对水稻的安全性,2019—2020年在室内测定了精唑甘草胺作茎叶处理对稻田常见禾本科杂草千金子、稗、马唐、碎米知风草、牛筋草的活性以及对水稻的安全性.在水稻3叶期将8％精唑甘草胺OD 120～480 g a.i./hm2喷施于5个水稻品种(镇稻18、华占、太湖糯、镇粳优8614、镇籼优382)田中,验证其对直播稻田禾本科杂草的防除效果.结果表明,精唑甘草胺对千金子、稗、马唐、碎米知风草、牛筋草幼苗的ED50值分别为1.01、2.93、13.18、65.54、>100 g a.i./hm2.施药后14 d,8％精唑甘草胺OD 120～480 g a.i./hm2对水稻株高和鲜重的抑制率分别为1.28％～17.70％和0.55％～29.12％,对常规水稻品种(镇稻18、华占、太湖糯)的抑制率相对较低,对杂交水稻(镇粳优8614、镇籼优382)的抑制率较高.在2019、2020年,目测8％精唑甘草胺OD 84.0～208.8 g a.i/hm2对水稻生长没有明显影响;施药后的增产率分别为45.39％～61.72％、45.52％～91.89％,且施药量越高,增产幅度越大;施药后40 d,对千金子的防效分别为86.0％～99.47％、81.99％～93.93％,对稗的株防效分别为70.02％～88.70％、80.33％～94.89％.由此可见,精唑甘草胺对千金子、马唐的活性和防除效果均优于目前生产上大面积应用的唑酰草胺,因而精唑甘草胺可以104.4～124.8 ga.i./hm2 施药量用于直播稻田禾本科杂草的防除.
Activity of Glyamifop Against Gramineous Weeds in Fields and Its Selectivity to Rice
Glyamifop is a newly developed herbicide for controlling gramineous weeds applied at post-emergence stage in paddy fields.Laboratory experiments were conducted over a span of two years ( 2019-2020 ) to evaluate the herbicidal properties and rice selectivity of glyamifop applied at the stage.And then field trials were carried out over a span of two years ( 2019～2020 ) to assess control efficacy of glyamifop against common gramineous weeds including Leptochloa chinensis,Echinochloa crusgalli,Digitaria sanguinalis,Eragrostis japonica,and Eleusine indica.Glyamifop 8％ OD at 120-480 g a.i./hm2 was applied in paddy fields of five rice varieties at the 3-leaf stage,including Zhendao 18,Huazhan,Taihunuo,Zhenjingyou 8614,and Zhenxianyou 382.The results showed that the ED50 values of glyamifop on the seedlings of L.chinensis,E.crusgalli,D.sanguinalis,E.japonica,E.indica were 1.01,2.93,13.18,65.54,>100 g a.i./hm2,respectively.14 days of application later,the inhibition ratioes of seedling height and fresh weight were 1.28％-17.70％ and 0.55％-29.12％.The inhibition ratioes of conventional rice varieties ( Zhendao18,Huazhan and Taihunuo ) were relatively low,while the inhibition ratioes of hybrid rice varieties (Zhenjingyou 8614 and Zhenxianyou 382) were relatively high.In 2019 and 2020,visual observations indicated that the application of glyamifop 8％ OD at 84.0-208.8 g a.i./hm2 had no noticeable effect on the growth of rice.And the yield increased 48.18％-64.25％ (2019) and 48.63％-97.43％ (2020).As the dosage was higher,the yield increased more greatly.After 40 days of application,control effect on L.chinensis were 86.0％-99.47％ (2019) and 81.99％-93.93％(2020),respectively,and plant control effect on E.crusgalli were 70.02％-88.70％ (2019) and 80.33％-94.89％(2020),respectively.The results of laboratory and field experiments indicated that the activity and control effect of glyamifop on L.chinensis and D.sanguinalis were better than that of metamifop which was widely used in the production at present.Therefore,glyamifop with the dosage of 104.4-124.8 g a.i./hm2 could be applied to the control of gramineous weeds in paddy fields.
万方数据
