Anti-inflammatory and liver protective effects of sarracenin from synergistic ingredients in processed Corni Fructus
Objective To investigate the anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of sarracenin (SA),a processed and transformed component of morroniside (MO) from Shanzhuyu (Corni Fructus). Methods Ultra performance liquid chromatography was used for the identification of MO and SA. In vitro,firstly,THP-1 cells were randomly divided into control group,model group,MO (25,100 μmol/L) groups and SA (25,100 μmol/L) groups. Among these,model groups,including MO and SA groups were established by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) combined with adenosine triphosphate (ATP),while MO and SA groups were treatment with doses of MO as well as SA,Western blotting was used to detect the expressions of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3),interleukin-1β (IL-1β),protein Kinase B (Akt),and phosphorylation protein kinase B (p-Akt) in cells as well as the expression of IL-1β in the supernatants. In vivo,male Balb/c mice were randomly divided into control group,SA alone group (50 mg/kg),acetaminophen (APAP) group,APAP+SA group (5,25,50 mg/kg),among these,SA groups were intragastric administration with different doses of SA,2 h later,except control group and SA alone group,the mice in other groups were given a single APAP (300 mg/kg) by gavage,and mice were executed under anesthesia after 24 h. The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in serum,the level of malonic dialdehyde (MDA) in liver tissue and histopathological changes were detected. Moreover,Western blotting and immunofluorescence were performed to detect the expression of mouse EGF-like module-containing mucin-like hormone receptor-like 1 (EMR1,F4/80) and NLRP3,the protein expressions of NLRP3,cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase (Caspase-1),IL-1β,p-Akt and Akt were also evaluated by Western blotting. Results In vitro,both SA and MO could inhibit the expressions of NLRP3 and IL-1β proteins in macrophages (P<0.05,0.01,0.001),and the efficacy of SA was superior to that of MO. In vivo further revealed that SA could inhibit the increase of serum ALT,AST,and liver MDA levels induced by APAP in mice (P<0.05,0.01,0.001) and improved liver pathological injury,and network pharmacology revealed that the anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of SA were related to the Akt pathway. Conclusion SA is a synergistic ingredient of Corni Fructus,which can play anti-inflammatory and liver protective effects by regulating Akt pathway.
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