Objective To study the secondary metabolites and its biological activities of the endophyties Alternaria malvae derived from the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza.Methods Preparative high-performance liquid chromatography,along with additional chromatographic techniques including normal-phase column chromatography,MPLC-ODS,MCI,and Sephadex LH-20,was employed to isolate and purify the secondary metabolites.NMR and mass spectrometry were then used to characterize the individual compounds.Results A total of seven compounds were isolated from the rice fermentation of A.malvae and identified as 3-methoxyalternolide B(1),4'-epialtenuene(2),(+)-(4'R,5'S,7'R)-altenuene(3),4'-epi-dihydroaltenuene A(4),alternariol 5-methyl ether(5),alternariol(6)and altenuisol(7).Compound 1 was a new compound,Compounds 5 and 7 exhibited anti-inflammatory activity with IC50 values of(14.8+0.67)μmol/L and(27.76+2.75)μmol/L,respectively.Conclusion Compound 1 is a new polyketone compound named 3-methoxyalternolide B.Compound 5 has significant anti-inflammatory activity.