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起重机中滑轮绳索系统晃动冲击的动力学仿真研究

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起重机中的滑轮绳索系统在作业过程中容易出现晃动、倾斜等问题,严重降低了作业效率且增加安全隐患.在处理滑轮与绳索接触状态实时变化的问题时,采用单元节点与物质点绑定的假设导致单元形函数不能精确描述各段圆弧曲线,需要缩小单元尺寸,降低了求解效率.引入空间描述方法,以滑轮上接触区域的边界点划分不同接触状态的绳索,采用离散角度的圆弧插值和Hermite插值分别描述接触段绳索和滑轮间绳索的形状,求得各节点物质速度与物质加速度.考虑绳索的轴向变形,依据虚功率原理建立了滑轮绳索系统的动力学方程.通过与动力学仿真软件ADAMS对比验证了所提方法的有效性,对起重设备中常见的滑轮绳索系统进行建模,研究不同绕绳方式、吊重质量和滑轮间距对滑轮架基体晃动和受冲击程度的影响.该研究所提出的滑轮绳索动力学建模方法为工程实践提供了必要的理论支撑.
Dynamic simulation of shaking impact of pulley-rope system in crane
Pulley-rope system in cranes is prone to problems of shaking,tilting and so on during operation to seriously reduce work efficiency and increase safety hazards.When dealing with the problem of real-time changes of contact state between pulleys and ropes,adopting the assumption of binding element nodes to material points makes element shape function unable to accurately describe various segments of circular arc curves,reducing element size is needed and solving efficiency is lowered.Here,Introducing the spatial description method,boundary points of contact area on pulley were used to divide different contact states of ropes.Discrete angle degree's circular arc interpolation and Hermite interpolation were used to describe shapes of ropes in contact segments and ropes between pulleys,respectively,and solve each node's material velocity and acceleration.Considering rope axial deformation,the dynamic equation of pulley-rope system was established according to the principle of virtual power.The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified by comparing its results with those of the dynamic simulation software ADAMS.Commonly used pulley-rope systems in lifting equipment were modeled,and effects of different winding modes,lifting weights,and pulley spacings on shaking and impact degree of pulley frame base were studied.It was shown that the proposed dynamic modeling method of pulley-rope systems can provide necessary theoretical supports for engineering practice.

pulley-rope systemshaking impactmulti-flexible body system dynamicsspatial description

王天堉、齐朝晖、赵天骄、徐金帅

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大连理工大学力学与航空航天学院,辽宁大连 116024

滑轮绳索系统 晃动冲击 多柔体系统动力学 空间描述

2025

振动与冲击
中国振动工程学会 上海交通大学 上海市振动工程学会

振动与冲击

北大核心
影响因子:0.898
ISSN:1000-3835
年,卷(期):2025.44(1)