Previous studies mainly used β-amyloid and α-synuclein as the biomarkers for the diagnosis of neurode-generative diseases.In recent years,studies have shown that telomeres at the end of chromosome can be used as an index to measure the degree of biological aging,and telomere length and telomerase activity may also be used as the blood mark-ers to evaluate the risk,progression,and poor prognosis of neurodegenerative diseases in the elderly;however,there is still a lack of consistency between the research findings in China and globally.Understanding the role of telomere-related biomarkers in age-related diseases can help clinicians learn more about the mechanism of disease development and progres-sion.This article reviews the latest research advances in the telomere-telomerase system in neurodegenerative diseases,in order to introduce the influence of telomere length and telomerase activity on neurodegenerative diseases and their potential mechanisms of action.