Association between slow wave sleep and executive function in patients with insomnia disorder
Objective To investigate the differences in sleep structure and executive function between the patients with insomnia disorder and the individuals with normal sleep,as well as the potential mechanism of executive dysfunction in patients with insomnia disorder.Methods The patients with insomnia disorder who attended the outpatient service of Sleep Medicine Center,Chongqing Western Hospital,from March 2022 to December 2023 were enrolled as insomnia dis-order group,and the individuals with normal sleep were enrolled as control group.All subjects were evaluated using Ham-ilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA),Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD),polysomnography,and Stroop Color-Word Test.The two groups were compared in terms of anxiety,depression,sleep parameters(sleep latency,total sleep time,sleep effi-ciency,NREM1 and its percentage,NREM2 and its percentage,NREM3 and its percentage,as well as REM and its per-centage),executive function(time consumption and correct number of Stroop A,Stroop B,Stroop C,and interference test),and a correlation analysis was also performed.Results There were 51 subjects in the insomnia disorder group and 25 subjects in the control group.Compared with the control group,the insomnia disorder group had significantly higher HAMA score,HAMD score,sleep latency,percentage of NREM1,and percentage of NREM2(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the insomnia disorder group had significantly lower total sleep time,sleep efficiency,NREM3 duration,REM duration,and percentage of NREM3(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the insomnia disorder group had significantly higher time consumption of Stroop Color-Word Test C and interference test(P<0.05).In the insomnia disor-der group,time consumption of Stroop C and interference test was negatively correlated with NREM3 duration and the per-centage of NREM3 and was positively correlated with NREM2 duration and the percentage of NREM2,and time consump-tion of Stroop C was positively correlated with the percentage of NREM1(P<0.05).Conclusion Patients with insomnia disorder tend to have a long sleep latency,a short total sleep time,low sleep efficiency,and reductions in deep sleep and executive function,and the reduction in executive function is associated with the reduction in slow-wave sleep.
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