Objective To explore the characteristics of intestinal flora in the chronic insomnia population in northern Shandong Province,China,and to provide a theoretical basis for further analysis of the connection between intestinal flora and insomnia.Methods This study included 30 chronic insomnia patients(18-65 years)presented to the Department of Neurology,Binzhou Medical University Hospital from January to July 2022.The control group included 33 healthy individu-als.All subjects met strict inclusion and exclusion criteria.There was no significant difference in BMI between the two groups(P>0.05).Fecal samples of all subjects were collected using sterile instruments.Bacterial DNA was extracted using a DNA assay kit.PCR amplification was performed on multiple amplicon libraries covering the V3-V4 region of the 16S rDNA gene.Results(1)The α-diversity analysis indicated that the ACE,Chao1,Shannon,and Simpson's indices were signifi-cantly higher in the chronic insomnia group than in the normal group.The β-diversity analysis showed significant differences in species composition between the chronic insomnia group and the normal group.LEfSe analysis showed significant differ-ences in the relative abundance of bacterial phyla such as Fusobacteriota and Firmicutes between the chronic insomnia group and the normal group.(2)Random forest analysis showed the largest difference in Lachnospiraceae between the chronic in-somnia group and the normal group.Conclusion The gut microbial diversity alters in the chronic insomnia population in northern Shandong Province.Lachnospiraceae may be a potential biomarker of insomnia.